Higher Order Schwarzians for Geodesic Flows, Moment Sequences, and the Radius of Adapted Complexifications

In the first part of the paper, comprising section 1 through 6, we introduce a sequence of functions in the tangent bundle TM of any smooth two-dimensional manifold M with smooth Riemannian metric g that correspond to the higher order Schwarzians of the linearized geodesic flow. With these functions and a classical theorem of Loewner on analytic continuation we are able to characterize the existence of the adapted complex structure induced by g on the set T^RM of vectors in TM of length up to R, equivalently for M compact, to the existence of a Grauert tube of radius R in terms of infinite Hankel matrices involving these Schwarzian functions. The basic characterization so obtained can be expressed as a sequence of differential inequalities of increasing order polynomial in the covariant derivatives of the Gauss curvature on M and in {\pi}/R that should be regarded as the higher order versions of a curvature inequality by L. Lempert and R. Sz\"oke. The second part of the paper, sections 7 through 11, includes a discussion of the rank of the infinite Hankel matrix of the Schwarzians from part 1 and of new Schwarzians defined now for purely imaginary radius, as well as some computations and examples. A characterization of the existence of the adapted structure on T^RM in terms of moment sequences with parameters R and v in TM is also noted

NAFTA: a review of the issues

North American Free Trade Agreement

Inflaton field governed universe from NKK theory of gravity: stochastic approach

We study a nonperturbative single field (inflaton) governed cosmological model from a 5D Noncompact Kaluza-Klein (NKK) theory of gravity. The inflaton field fluctuations are estimated for different epochs of the evolution of the universe. We conclude that the inflaton field has been sliding down its (quadratic) potential hill along all the evolution of the universe and a mass of the order of the Hubble parameter. In the model here developed the only free parameter is the Hubble parameter, which could be reconstructed in future from Super Nova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) data.Comment: accepted in European Physical Journal